The Kanagawa Treaty Essays - Edo Period, , Term Papers

The Kanagawa Treaty The Kanagawa Treaty In 1852 the United States appointed Commodore Mathew Perry to lead an expedition to Japan in efforts to open diplomatic and trade relations. Japan had been closed off from the rest of the world for over two hundred years. Only the Dutch and Chinese had limited contact with Japan. Perry and his soldiers sailed into the Japan's Edo Bay in 1853. Commodore Perry presented the Shagun officials with a letter stating the Americans demands. The Japanese were very intimidated by the arrival of the American troops, but were unprepared to immediately agree the terms. One year later, Commodore Perry and his troops returned. This time Perry brought of one quarter of the entire United States navy, which consisted of three steamboats and five sailing boats. The naval vessels were referred to as the Black Ships because of their black hulls and the large amounts of exhaust given off by the coal fed engines. Perry used this great force to intimidate, threaten and final to persuade Japan into cooperating with the U.S. Perry was successful in negotiation a treaty between the U.S. and Japan, called the Kanagawa Treaty. This was the first treaty Japan had ever signed with a Western nation. The treaty required the Japanese to: open the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American ships provide supplies to these ships and treat American sailors with respect. After the details of the treaty were ironed out, a large celebration broke out in Japan. Commodore Perry showered the Japanese with gifts. Much of these presents were a demonstration of Western technology. One of the greatest gifts presented by Perry was a miniature locomotive complete with railroad tracks. In turn, the Japanese contributed entertainment as well a presents to the Americans. History Essays

Internet and privacy essays

Internet and privacy essays Internet can be said as the most significant invention of the century. It simplified many annoying processes such as banking and shopping into one simple step that can be achieved at home. Nevertheless, there are some drawbacks. The control of one ¡s personal data on net is not as easy as in real life. Technologies on net can make tracking one ¡s behaviors and interests without asking for permissions possible. In other words, World Wide Web users may be monitored by someone they do not know. In what ways our personal data are leaked out and whether Internet and privacy can finally co-exist peacefully? According to  ¡Reconciling E-commerce and Privacy ¡ in  ¡Business Week ¡ of 10/05/1998, there are web sites that force the users to give out their personal data such as your name, email address, demographic information, marriage and financial status, interests, hobbies and so on while registering their products. These data will be sold or given to their marketing partners without asking the users for permission. According to the passage  ¡No Such Things as privacy ¡ in  ¡Report Newsmagazine (Alberta Edition) ¡ of 02/28/2000 Vol. 26, the emails people gives to newsgroups and business web sites may be sold to 'spammers ¡, those who send lots of advertisement messages through email to users, especially for some pornographic sites. It may cause extra time for the users to filter these 'garbage mails ¡. In addition to the information gathered from registration of products and newsgroups, commercials interested in these information uses incentives. In the passage of  ¡It ¡s free, but it ¡ll cost you ¡ in  ¡Black Enterprise ¡ September 1999 Vol. 30, the author suggests that there are companies provides free computers and free Internet services. Examples are FreePC and Netzero. The users, in return, have to give out their personal information. They have to promise that they will face the advertisements sh...

Integrating Strategy, Management and Change (Strategy Development) Research Paper

Integrating Strategy, Management and Change (Strategy Development) - Research Paper Example Academic researchers have pointed out significance of performance measurement in terms of both practical and theoretical perspective. The concept of performance measurement is multidimensional because the model incorporates not only accounting literature but other management fields like operation & production management, marketing and strategic management also. Organizational theory model played crucial role in developing performance measurement models such as Key Performance Indicator, Balance Scorecard and Performance Prism. Problem with the literature review of performance measurement is isolation because of disparate and fragmented findings of research scholars. Researchers have tried to create a link between Organizational effectiveness (OE) and performance measurement but unfortunately only a few of them have succeeded. Academic scholars have argued that organizational effectiveness plays cordial role for designing non financial elements of performance measurement tools. In 200 0, Flamholtz and Aksehirli proposed a relationship between financial aspect of performance measurement and organizational success model. They analyzed both financial and non financial elements of balanced scorecard in order to test the hypothesized relationship. They tested eight pairs of companies of various industries and Average Return on Equity was used as an indicator of financial performance. They used Friedman two way variance analysis and found statistically significant relationship between financial aspect of performance measurement and organizational success model (Flamholtz, 2003, pp. 15-26). Two Theoretical Perspectives for Strategic Performance Measurement Multidimensionality of performance always creates rift for deploying strategic performance measurement models. Multidimensionality of performance is exemplified due to involvement of complex financial and non financial elements. There is a common belief in the field of performance measurement that if the new models su ch as Balance scorecard or Performance prism are implemented, there will be overall organizational performance improvement (Bourne et al., 1999, pp. 373-95). Unfortunately the belief is partially true because impact of performance management is very much influenced by organizational objective. The study will be incomplete without mentioning impact subsystems in performance measurement. Researchers have pointed out that deploying enterprise strategic performance management is far more effective in comparison to strategic performance measurement. In 2005, Neely has argued business leaders need to adopt dynamic, flexible and capable strategic performance measurement model in order to cope with dynamics of external environment (Neely, 2005, pp. 1264-77). In 1993, Platts has presented a holistic approach of strategic performance measurement in terms of virtuous cycle of learning organization. Research scholars (Slack,